Tester versus Bug: A Generic Framework for Model-Based Testing via Games

We propose a generic game-based approach for test case generation. We set up a game between the tester and the System Under Test, in such a way that test cases correspond to game strategies, and the conformance relation ioco corresponds to alternating refinement. We show that different test assumptions from the literature can be easily incorporated, by slightly varying the moves in the games and their outcomes. In this way, our framework allows a wide plethora of game-theoretic techniques to be deployed for model based testing.Comment: In Proceedings GandALF 2018, arXiv:1809.0241

Structural selection in implicit learning of artificial grammars

In the contextual cueing paradigm, Endo and Takeda (in Percept Psychophys 66:293–302, 2004) provided evidence that implicit learning involves selection of the aspect of a structure that is most useful to one’s task. The present study attempted to replicate this finding in artificial grammar learning to investigate whether or not implicit learning commonly involves such a selection. Participants in Experiment 1 were presented with an induction task that could be facilitated by several characteristics of the exemplars. For some participants, those characteristics included a perfectly predictive feature. The results suggested that the aspect of the structure that was most useful to the induction task was selected and learned implicitly. Experiment 2 provided evidence that, although salience affected participants’ awareness of the perfectly predictive feature, selection for implicit learning was mainly based on usefulness

Procedural justice in authority relations: The strength of outcome dependence influences people's reactions to voice

In this article, we study how the strength of outcome dependence, defined as the extent to which people’s outcomes depend on authority’s decisions, influences their reactions to voice or no-voice procedures. We suggest that in situations where people are strongly outcome dependent they assume that the authority may not consider their views, and therefore voice procedures exert less influence on people’s procedure judgments than in situations where they are not strongly outcome dependent. Findings of two experiments corroborate this line of reasoning: In strongly outcome dependent situations, recipients’ procedure judgments are influenced less strongly by voice versus no-voice procedures than in moderate or weak outcome dependent situations. Furthermore, these effects were found for both pre-decision voice (Experiment 1) and for post-decision voice (Experiment 2). It is concluded that strong outcome dependence decreases the value-expressive function of voice opportunities

Gunābādiyya

Synopsis: The Third Edition of Brill’s Encyclopaedia of Islam appears in four substantial segments each year, both online and in print. The new scope includes comprehensive coverage of Islam in the twentieth century and of Muslim minorities all over the world. This Part 2013-4 of the Third Edition of Brill’s Encyclopaedia of Islam will contain 67 new articles, reflecting the great diversity of current scholarship in the fields of Islamic Studies

Rechtvaardigheid in alarmerende omstandigheden

In this paper, I propose an alarm-system model of the justice judgment process. Specifically, I argue that the process by which justice judgments are formed may be influenced reliably by the activation of psychological systems that people use to detect and handle alarming situations. Building on this analysis, I predict that if this line of reasoning is true then presenting (vs. not presenting) alarm-related stimuli to people should lead to more extreme judgments about subsequent justice-related events than not presenting these alarming stimuli. Findings from different studies are reviewed that support this prediction. In particular, the findings indicate that after the presentation of alarming stimuli, people are strongly influenced by fair (as opposed to unfair) events, suggesting that under alarming conditions people are in need for fair treatment. In closing, I discuss the implications the model may have for both scientists and practitioners interested in the justice judgment process